Container stowage manual11/19/2022 You can think of this in terms of the weights on a seesaw. The weight of the containers is of crucial importance, because the higher a container is in a stack of containers on deck, the less it may weigh. The results of these calculations are recorded in a Cargo Securing Manual approved by the flag state and in which all details can be found. The lashing systems are calculated individually for each ship by specialist companies and are inspected and approved by the classification societies. The workers can stand on these to work and fasten the rods. To allow these rods to be attached, ships have what are known as lashing bridges running across the ship between the rows of containers. Depending on the intended height of the container stacks on deck and their permitted weight, the 5th layer of the stacks are, for example, secured at the bottom by the rods. The lashing rods are arranged crosswise in front of and behind each container stack and absorb lateral movements of the stack. A ship carrying containers on deck thus transports a kind of „forest“ of independent towers which, in heavy seas, sway back and forth due to the elasticity of the material in much the same way as the ears of corn in a field. In contrast to this, nowadays each stack stands separately so that it can be stowed or unloaded independently of neighboring stacks. Initially, it was common practice to stow stacks of containers on deck in such a way that the individual stacks were connected to each other laterally using special stowage equipment. In addition, the bottom two layers of the stacked containers are connected to the ship with lashing rods. These corner castings have elongated holes in which the rotating lug of the twistlock engages, locking the containers together. These twistlocks are inserted into the corner castings of the containers. This is done with the aid of what are known as twistlocks. If containers are to be transported safely on the deck of a container vessel, they must be firmly connected to the ship. Lateral rolling motion represents the greatest challenge for stacks of containers. There are six different ways in which ships move in the sea, primarily pitching, heaving and rolling.
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